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Analysis about the rear inflow of a warm zone squall line causing strong winds
SANG Minghui, ZHU Li, SHEN Xiaoling, ZHANG Chunyan, ZUO Jun
Journal of Arid Meteorology    2024, 42 (1): 84-94.   DOI: 10. 11755/j. issn. 1006-7639(2024)-01-0084
Abstract66)      PDF(pc) (32177KB)(469)    PDF(mobile) (32177KB)(8)    Save
A squall line with a long life is very likely to cause a wide range of catastrophic gale weather. The study of its structure and
maintenance mechanism is of great reference significance to the forecast of catastrophic gale weather. The rear inflow of a warm zone squall line that caused strong gale in Jiangnan area on March 4, 2018 was analyzed by using the ground observations, radar data, NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) FNL (Final Operational Global Analysis) reanalysis and high-resolution model simulation results, and the maintenance mechanism of the squall line was discussed. The results show that the squall line occurred in a warm environment in front of the south branch trough with the same southwesterly airflow in upper and lower layers. The environment was characterized by moderate to strong vertical shear of 0–6 km, high convective effective potential energy, and obvious dry areas in the middle layer and near the surface. The 3 h negative barotropic anomaly index has
a good indication in this process. The squall line showed a “TS” structure, but the stratus area was relatively narrow. The reflectivity factor kernel was located in the downdraft below the mid-level radial convergence. The results of the model simulation show that the rear inflow and downdraft forced counterclockwise and clockwise vertical circulation in the interior and rear of the system, respectively, which constituted the most important structural characteristics of the squall line. The rear inflow was close to the rear edge of the system and located in the middle troposphere, which caused the updraft to change from inclined to vertical direction. After that, the rear inflow moved away from the system and merged with the lower outflow to continuously lift the warm and moist air. The synergistic effect of the rear inflow and the front inflow made the squall line maintain for a longer time.

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Comparative analysis on two similar falling area rainstorms during Meiyu period in western Zhejiang Province
SHEN Xiaoling, PAN Lingjie, ZUO Jun, SANG Minghui, ZHANG Lina
Journal of Arid Meteorology    2022, 40 (2): 244-255.   DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-02-0244
Abstract323)   HTML15)    PDF(pc) (10576KB)(1299)       Save

Based on conventional meteorological observation data of Zhejiang Province, ERA5 hourly reanalysis data (0.25°×0.25°) and blackbody brightness temperature (TBB) of FY-4A satellite, the two rainstorm processes occurring on June 3 and June 30 in 2020 were compared and analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The rainstorm on June 3 (short for “6·03”) occurred in the background of monsoon trough, and there were southwest flow in front of the trough at 500 hPa and warm shear at 850 hPa over Zhejiang Province,while the rain storm on June 30 (short for “6·30”) occurred in the background of northeast cold vortex, there were confluence of cold and warm air at 500 hPa and cold shear at 850 hPa. For two rainstorm processes, their rainfall areas were similar, all concentrating in west Zhejiang and presenting east-west belt distribution. But for the “6·30” process, the rainfall area was wider, both the center rainfall and process rainfall were larger, the hourly rainfall intensity was stronger, and the duration of heavy rainfall was longer. (2) Both two rainstorm processes were convective unstable precipitation, but the heavy rainfall areas were in different positions of the jet stream. The “6·03” process was a warm shear type rainstorm in the warm region, the “train effect” of convective cloud clusters was significant and precipitation was located in the strong convergence area of water vapor flux in front of the jet. During the “6·30”, the Meiyu front was a westerly convergence frontogenesis, and the convective cloud clusters presented a backward propagation path, the precipitation was located in the strong convergence area of water vapor flux near the jet axis. The maximum convergence area of water vapor flux and intensity at 700 hPa corresponded to the falling area and intensity of heavy precipitation in the next six hours, which had a certain reference in rainstorm forecast in the Meiyu season. (3) Due to different precipitation types, the corresponding frontogenesis was different, and the height of the frontal zone indicating one hour heavy rainfall was also different. So in the forecast of rainstorm in the Meiyu season, the correspondence of different precipitation types and frontogenesis at different heights should be fully considered.

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